PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.